In the pantropical mimosoid legume genusParkia, taxonomic classification has remained controversial in Africa due to clinal phenotypic variations. Three species (P. biglobosa,P. bicolor, andP. filicoidea) are currently recognized, ranging from West to East Africa, with partially overlapping ranges across different floristic regions. However, additional taxa (species or varieties) have been suggested by different authors. To assess species boundaries of AfricanParkiaand phylogeographic patterns within species, we genotyped 889 individuals using 10 microsatellite markers and compared our results with existing morphological descriptions. Bayesian genetic clustering confirmed the species boundaries assessed from morphological traits and did not reveal introgression but identified genetic discontinuities within each species. Six moderately differentiated genetic clusters were recovered inP. biglobosa(pairwiseF(ST): 0.05-0.19), whileP. bicolorandP. filicoidea, each, displayed four well-differentiated clusters (F-ST: 0.18-0.41 and 0.11-0.34, respectively). Within each species, genetic clusters occurred in parapatry.Parkia biglobosaclusters were congruent with the longitudinal clinal variation in leaflets sizes but 26% of individuals presented admixed genotypes. Genetic clusters inP. bicolorandP. filicoideafollowed environmental gradients as well as phytogeographic subdivisions. They were also largely congruent with morphological discontinuities described in previous taxonomic studies and <10% individuals showed admixed genotypes. We conclude that only one species (P. biglobosa) should be considered in the Guineo-Sudanian savanna. However,P. bicolorandP. filicoideamight each represent a complex of (sub)species. Thus, the hypotheses of cryptic species withinP. bicolorandP. filicoideashould be further investigated by testing reproductive barriers.