New combinations and new synonyms for the genus Coptosperma are assembled here in preparation for a revision of the Malagasy representatives of the genus and a check-list of the Rubiaceae of Madagascar and the Comores. Ixora pachyphylla, I. sessiliflora as well as Enterospermum 'bernerianum', E. borbonicum, E. coriaceum, E. humblotii and E. madagascariensis are transferred to the genus Coptosperma. Ixora linearifolia is newly placed in the synonymy of C. nigrescens.