A comprehensive, multigene phylogeny of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota), inferred from the large subunit nuclear ribosomal region (LSU), portions of the translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), and of the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes is presented and discussed. Although the multigene phylogenetic inferences do not allow to define a global structure within Phylloporia, it reveals two main lineages, a basal and a core lineage. The basal lineage contains six species whereas the core lineage comprises the majority of the described species and a number of unnamed taxa. The core lineage also contains several well-supported, multiple species lineages, which are predominantly biogeographically structured with a dichotomy Neotropics vs Paleotropics. These clades are discussed. The multigene phylogeny also reveals a number of undescribed paleotropical or neotropical species. On this basis, complemented by both morphological and ecological data, six new species from tropical Africa are described: P. afropectinata, P. cinnamomea, P. memecyloniae, P. miomboensis, P. pseudoweberiana, and P. warneckeicola. A new combination P. microspora (basionym Inonotus microsporus) is also proposed. A synthesis of the taxonomic and ecological knowledge of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota) in tropical Africa is presented, with an identification key for the African species known to date.