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The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa

Research output: Contribution to journalA1: Web of Science-articlepeer-review

  • Kevin D; Hyde
  • M. T. Noorabadi
  • Vinodhini Thiyagaraja
  • Mao-Qiang He
  • P.R. Johnston
  • SN Wijesinghe
  • André De Kesel
  • Danny Haelewaters
With the simultaneous growth in interest from the mycological community to discover fungal
species and classify them, there is also an important need to assemble all taxonomic information
onto common platforms. Fungal classification is facing a rapidly evolving landscape and
organizing genera into an appropriate taxonomic hierarchy is central to better structure a unified
classification scheme and avoid incorrect taxonomic inferences. With this in mind, the Outlines of
Fungi and fungus-like taxa (2020, 2022) were published as an open-source taxonomic scheme to
assist mycologists to better understand the taxonomic position of species within the Fungal
Kingdom as well as to improve the accuracy and consistency of our taxonomic language. In this
paper, the third contribution to the series of Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa prepared by the
Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is published. The former is
updated considering our previous reviews and the taxonomic changes based on recent taxonomic
work. In addition, it is more comprehensive and derives more input and consensus from a larger
number of mycologists worldwide. Apart from listing the position of a particular genus in a
taxonomic level, nearly 1000 notes are provided for newly established genera and higher taxa
introduced since 2022. The notes section emphasizes on recent findings with corresponding
references, discusses background information to support the current taxonomic status and some
controversial taxonomic issues are also highlighted. To elicit maximum taxonomic information,
notes/taxa are linked to recognized databases such as Index Fungorum, Faces of Fungi, MycoBank
and GenBank, Species Fungorum and others. A new feature includes links to Fungalpedia, offering
notes in the Compendium of Fungi and fungus-like Organisms. When specific notes are not
provided, links are available to webpages and relevant publications for genera or higher taxa to ease
data accessibility. Following the recent synonymization of Caulochytriomycota under
Chytridiomycota, with Caulochytriomycetes now classified as a class within the latter, based on
formally described and currently accepted data, the Fungi comprises 19 Phyla, 83 classes, 1,220
families, 10,685 genera and ca 140,000 species. Of the genera, 39.5% are monotypic and this begs
the question whether mycologists split genera unnecessarily or are we going to find other species in
these genera as more parts of the world are surveyed? They are 433 speciose genera with more than
50 species. The document also highlights discussion of some important topics including number of
genera categorized as incertae sedis status in higher level fungal classification. The number of
species at the higher taxonomic level has always been a contentious issue especially when
mycologists consider either a lumping or a splitting approach and herein we provide figures. Herein
a summary of updates in the outline of Basidiomycota is provided with discussion on whether there
are too many genera of Boletales, Ceratobasidiaceae, and speciose genera such as Colletotrichum.
Specific case studies deal with Cortinarius, early diverging fungi, Glomeromycota, a diverse early
divergent lineage of symbiotic fungi, Eurotiomycetes, marine fungi, Myxomycetes, Phyllosticta,
Hymenochaetaceae and Polyporaceae and the longstanding practice of misapplying
intercontinental conspecificity. The outline will aid to better stabilize fungal taxonomy and serves
as a necessary tool for mycologists and other scientists interested in the classification of the Fungi.
Original languageEnglish
JournalMycosphere
Volume15
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)5146-6239
ISSN2077-7019
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 20-Nov-2024

Bibliographical note

full citation = (+500 authors)
Hyde KD, Noorabadi MT, Thiyagaraja V, He MQ, Johnston PR, Wijesinghe SN,
Armand A, Biketova AY, Chethana KWT, Erdoğdu M, Ge ZW, Groenewald JZ, Hongsanan S,
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6239, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/15/1/25

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