Mantalania longipedunculata De Block & A.P.Davis (Rubiaceae), was recently described from Île Sainte Marie, Madagascar, based on a single collection in fruit. Due to the large-scale destruction of native forest on Île Sainte Marie, the species was suspected of being critically endangered or even extinct. However, during a recent field trip to the type locality, M. longipedunculata was rediscovered. The species description is emended, particularly with regard to flower characters. 2006 National Botanic Garden of Belgium.