The freshwater diatom flora of The Grand Terre (Kerguelen Islands) is studied in six samples from Holocene peaty sediments, sampled after the retreat of the Ampere Glacier snout, in the western side of the archipelago. 107 taxa were observed (84 species, 22 varieties and 1 form). This diatom flora, about 1000, 5000 and 10000 yr old, showed a great similarity to the recent flora of the Kerguelen Islands. The biogeography of this flora and the similarities with other Antarctic islands is briefly discussed.