A floristic treatment for the Labiatae, subfamilies Lamioideae and Scutellarioideae, occurring within the region covered by the Flore d’Afrique centrale (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi) is given. Six genera, 39 species and 10 varieties are documented. Three species and two varieties are endemic to the region. The occurrence of ten taxa (nine species and one variety) is reported for the first time. Five lectotypes have been designated. All genera and species come with a morphological description, synonyms, distributional data, habitat data, conservation information, vernacular names, as well as additional bibliography, taxonomic notes and the citation of representative herbarium specimens.