A flora treatment for the Phyllanthaceae occurring in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi is provided. The present volume includes a key to all genera, and a full treatment of the following seven genera: Amanoa, Flueggea, Margaritaria, Pentabrachion, Phyllanthus, Pseudolachnostylis, Uapaca. In total, 76 species are included. The remainder of the Phyllanthaceae genera occurring in the Flora region were treated in previous volumes of the Flora series, but an identification key to all genera is provided. All species come with a full morphological description, protolog and type information, synonyms, data on their distribution, habitat, vernacular names and uses, as well as references to additional literature and the citation of representative herbarium specimens. Eleven species, all within Phyllanthus, are endemic to the area of the Flora. Fourty-six botanical drawings are included.