This study describes the possibilities for the Flemish Government to take vigorous action against emission fraud by both the manufacturer of road vehicles and their users. For this purpose, we start with an explanation of the European and Belgian regulations. Based on the findings of this exercise, six perspectives for action are put forward with which the Flemish Government can sharpen its control on the actual emissions of road vehicles and on which it can enforce efficiently. These perspectives already take into account the profound changes in the regulatory framework applicable from September 2020.