An annotated taxonomic conspectus of the genus Coffea (coffee) is presented, with 103 species and seven infraspecific taxa enumerated. The taxonomic history of Coffea is summarized and details of the circumscription of Coffeeae, Coffea, and the subgeneric groups of Coffea are given. For each accepted name, the author, place of publication, type species, and synonyms are given. Useful illustrations and literature are cited, where available. The distribution of each accepted taxon is summarized as a text note and using the Taxonomic Database Working Group (TDWG) system; the vegetation type and altitude are given in an ecological summary. A list of potentially new taxa is included. Two lectotypes are designated. Conservation assessments are given based on the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List Categories. Of the 103 Coffea species, 72 (c. 70%) are threatened with extinction as a result of a combination of decline in quantity and quality of habitat. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London.