This study examines how spatial choices lead to distributional effects: some groups benefit from proximity, quality of life, and good access to services, while others mainly experience burdens such as heat, poor air quality, limited accessibility, or high housing costs. Until now, a shared framework has been lacking to determine where inequalities accumulate, when they become unjust, and how policy can anticipate them.
Therefore, the study develops a reflection framework to assess environmental justice. It makes distributional effects visible and helps to systematically integrate them into spatial decision‑making. The aim is to ensure that spatial choices are not only ecologically and spatially efficient, but also socially just and accessible.