This project was initiated to investigate the genetic diversity of ungulate populations in situ and assess the relative diversity of ex situ breeding populations. This research encompasses the four largest endemic mammals of the Indonesian Island of Sulawesi; the anoas (Bubalus (Anoa) depressicornis & B. (Anoa) quarlesi), the babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa) and the Sulawesi warty pig (Sus celebensis). Sulawesi Island is found in the Wallacea region of South-East Asia. This biogeographic area has been classified as one of 25 world hotspots for conservation. All four forest dwelling species are threatened by widespread habitat loss and uncontrolled hunting. Although international studbooks exist for the former three species, there are numerous uncertainties about these, preventing effective conservation breeding. Genetic analyses will increase our understanding and facilitate the management and conservation of captive as well as wild populations. To this end, a collaborative project was established with the University of Edinburgh and Bogor University, Indonesia, which was extended in 2008 with Durham University as a partner. meanwhile we completed the analysis of additional pig samples (including Sus scrofa from the region in order to detect possible hybridisation) and further inventoried/mapped the collection of samples and data sets. In 2013 the results were presented on several international conferences and a taxonomic revision was decided upon. Most of this work will be published in 2018. Partners: Alastair McDonald, Sharron Ogle, James Burton, Darren Shaw (University of Edinburgh, UK) | Greger Larson (Durham University, UK) | Kristin Leus (RZSA and CBSG) | I Djuwa) (IPB Bogor, ID).