Supp. file 4. Silhouettes of plagiotropous branches of Calycosiphonia albertina Ntore & Robbr. sp. nov. to illustrate microphylly. Short bars represent vestigial scales. Parts of branches drawn more thickly indicate suberisation. Microphyllous nodes with leaf blades that are only 50–75% smaller than those at normal nodes: A2, D5, E2, E6. Nodes with extremely reduced leaves: B4, C3, F3. Nodes with leaves reduced to vestigial scales: A3, A4, A7, B5, F6. Microphyllous anisophyllous nodes: B4, E6. Nodes numbered from stem tips downwards. A = Nkengurutse 11; B = Nkengurutse 136; C = Ntore et al. 11; D = Ntore et al. 13; E = Ntore et al. 14; F = Rammeloo 4672. Drawn by Elmar Robbrecht.

Field work in the Kibira National Park (Burundi), located in the Kivu-Ruwenzori system of the Afromontane Region, revealed the existence of a new species clearly belonging to the Argocoffeopsis-Calycosiphonia clade (Coffeeae, Rubiaceae). The species shows striking heterophylly: the plagiotropous branches have several nodes bearing reduced or even scaly leaves. For the rest, it shares characters with Calycosiphonia and Kupeantha. Therefore, a morphological comparison with the clade is done, as well as molecular phylogenetic analyses. The morphology of the novelty is closer to Kupeantha than to Calycosiphonia, inter alia because the anthers have no transverse septa, in contrast to the multilocellate anthers of Calycosiphonia. However, the molecular data advocate for a position in Calycosiphonia – a result weakening the morphological distinction between Calycosiphonia and Kupeantha. The former genus is no longer restricted to species with transverse septa in the anthers and with placental outgrowths around the seed. The new species is formally described as Calycosiphonia albertina Ntore & Robbr. sp. nov. Nomenclaturally, this placement is also the most conservative option. A taxonomic treatment, illustrations, a geographical distribution map, and a preliminary conservation assessment are provided. The previous inclusion of Calycosiphonia pentamera in Kupeantha based on morphology is here corroborated by molecular analyses.